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16
2019
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03
Classification and Selection of Electroplating
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Ordinary electroplating primarily refers to conventional single-metal plating processes, such as plating with Cu, Ni, Cr, Sn, Zn, and Cd. It serves as the foundation for various specialized electroplating techniques, including composite plating, nonmetallic plating, alloy plating, brush plating, and precious and rare-metal plating. Different single-metal plating coatings have distinct properties and applications, and the processes employed also exhibit their own unique characteristics; however, their underlying theoretical principles are broadly similar. Today, let’s talk about the classification and applications of chrome plating. The properties and applications of chrome plating can be broadly categorized into two main types: protective-decorative chrome plating and wear-resistant chrome plating. The former aims to prevent the base metal from rusting and enhance the aesthetic appeal of the product, while the latter is designed to improve the durability and resistance to wear.
Ordinary electroplating primarily refers to conventional single-metal electroplating, such as plating... With you 、 You 、 Cr 、 Sn 、 Zinc 、 Cadmium Moreover, it serves as the foundation for specialized electroplating processes such as composite plating, non-metallic plating, alloy plating, brush plating, and plating of rare and precious metals. Different single-metal electroplated coatings have distinct properties and applications, and the processes employed also each have their own unique characteristics; however, their underlying theoretical principles are broadly similar. Today, let’s talk about the classification and applications of chrome plating.
Properties and Applications of Chrome Plating
Chromium plating can be broadly categorized into two main types based on its intended use: protective-decorative chromium plating and wear-resistant chromium plating. The former aims to prevent the base metal from rusting and enhance the aesthetic appeal of the product, while the latter is designed to improve the hardness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and temperature resistance of mechanical components.
Chromium is a silvery-white metal with a slightly bluish tinge. It exhibits strong passivation properties in the atmosphere and can maintain its luster for a long time. Chromium-plated layers have high hardness and excellent wear resistance; their hardness is... HV1000 Left and right.
The chrome plating has good heat resistance and can be heated in air up to... 500 At ℃, its appearance and hardness remain unchanged. The coating exhibits strong reflectivity, second only to silver plating.
Coating thickness 0.25 mu m The material is microporous and has a thickness exceeding... 0.5 mu m At this point, the coating exhibits a network of microcracks, and the coating's friction coefficient exceeds... 20um At that time, it only provides mechanical protection to the substrate.
Protective decorative chrome plating
The purpose of protective decorative chrome plating is to prevent metal products from corroding and rusting in the atmosphere and to enhance the aesthetic appearance of the product. It is also commonly used on non-metallic materials, most notably plastic products.
Protective decorative chrome plating is widely used in products such as automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, sewing machines, watches, household appliances, medical devices, instruments and meters, furniture, office supplies, and daily hardware items. The characteristics of protective decorative chrome plating are as follows:
(1) The coating is very thin—its thickness needs only to be... 0.25~0.3 mu m;
(2) The chrome plating is a cathodic coating with respect to the steel substrate; therefore, an intermediate layer must be used to achieve sufficient corrosion protection. :
(3) The chrome layer is smooth, shiny, and aesthetically pleasing.
Currently, protective decorative chrome plating can be categorized into general protective decorative chrome plating and high-corrosion-resistant protective decorative chrome plating. The former uses conventional chrome-plating solutions and is suitable for products used in indoor environments. ; The latter employs special process conditions to alter the structure of the chrome-plated layer, thereby achieving high corrosion resistance and making it suitable for products used in harsher outdoor environments.
1. General protective decorative chrome plating
Chromium plating on steel, zinc alloys, and aluminum alloys must employ a multi-layer system, such as copper. / Chromium, nickel / Copper / Nickel / Chromium, Semi-bright Nickel / Bright nickel / Chromium, three-layer nickel / Chromium, low-tin bronze / Chromium, etc.
For copper and copper alloys, protective and decorative chrome plating can be applied directly after polishing. However, it is generally more corrosion-resistant when chrome plating is performed following bright nickel plating.
Currently, copper is widely used domestically. / Nickel / For chromium plating systems, ordinary chromium solutions are typically used; composite chromium plating solutions are employed when special requirements apply. The concentration of chromic anhydride... 300g/L By the way, to prevent coarse cracks from forming in the chromium layer, we employ a solution that boasts excellent conductivity, low槽 voltage, and a narrow range of solution composition changes. Cr The choice of which protective decorative wire mesh solution and operating conditions to use should also be determined based on the substrate material and intermediate layer of the part.
2. High-Corrosion-Resistant Protective and Decorative Chromium Plating
20 Century 50 Since the mid-20th century, protective and decorative nickel / Chromium or copper / Nickel / In chromium plating systems, the application of multi-layer nickel significantly enhances the corrosion resistance of plated parts. Further research indicates that nickel... / The corrosion resistance of chromium plating depends not only on the composition and thickness of the nickel layer but also, to a large extent, on the structural characteristics of the plating layer itself. Compared with other electroplating processes, the electrodeposition of chromium involves both a specially formulated bath solution and distinct properties in the formation of metallic chromium. If the standard chrome-plating solution... ( Chromic anhydride 250g/L. Sulfuric acid 2.5 g/L) Chrome plating is performed in the middle, although the coating thickness is only 0.25~0.5 mu m However, due to the high internal stress, sparse and coarse cracks tend to form on the surface of the chromium layer. These cracks not only result in aesthetic defects in the plated parts but, more seriously, also accelerate corrosion of the underlying substrate. For this reason, a crack-free chromium plating process has been developed. Although crack-free chromium exhibits excellent corrosion resistance in accelerated corrosion tests and exposure tests, coarse cracks still tend to appear on the chromium layer during actual use. Under certain specific conditions, the cracks and pores on the chromium layer’s surface are not only harmless—they can actually enhance the overall corrosion resistance of the entire coating system. 20 Century 60 In the mid-1980s, foreign researchers conducted studies on the microstructure of chrome plating and developed new processes for producing microcracked chromium and microporous chromium with enhanced corrosion resistance. 。
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